Managerial Economics, managerial economics: meaning, nature, scope and importance, relationship with other sciences, the managerial economist, fundamental principles,concepts and tools, organisational goals, of business firm, concepts of certainty, risk and uncertainity, demand: essentials and determinants, demand distinctions, demand analysis, law of demand, elasticity of demand, supply: law and elasticity, demand forecasting, sales forecasting, production and cost analysis, cost-output relationship, pricing decisions, pricing and output decisions under competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, duopoly, monopsony and price leadership, pricing policies and stragergies, statutory price fixation in india, product-line pricing, pricediscounts and differentials, price forecasting, nature of profit, measuring accounting profit, profit planning and profit forecasting, capital budgeting, capital management, debt-equity ratio, cost of capital, investment decisions and project planning, term finance, production function, laws of return and return of scale (Topical Term)